INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FIELDS AND SECTORS EXPLAINED
Information Technology (IT) ushered in the
information age and set in motion a digital revolution which created a
knowledge-based society, sustained by a technologically advanced global
economy. Commonly used synonyms for Information Technology include Computers,
Computer Networks, Software, Hardware, Web Design, Electronics,
Telecommunications and Semiconductors. Fields and sectors are two broad
categories that need clarification when associated with Information Technology.
Information Technology fields most commonly
refer to higher education (HE) disciplines where the student studies toward a
recognized certificate, diploma or degree.
Computer Engineering is a specialized
Information Technology field of study. It is a technical domain in which the
student learns how to design and develop computer hardware such as personal
computers, laptops, tablets, memory, storage, networking equipment and other
computer hardware components.
Management Information Systems (MIS) is
another Higher Education (HE) IT field of study. It offers a non-technical
business degree and teaches students how to manage projects, budgets and
people.
Computer Science, as educational field,
focuses on software programming and includes areas such as application
software, expert systems, artificial intelligence (AI), web development,
embedded coding and robotics.
Computer Information Systems (CIS) offers
specialized training and enables CIS graduates to establish themselves in the
workplace as Network Administrators, Systems Administrators, Systems Engineers,
Database Administrators, Computing Security Specialists, and Computer
Technicians to name a few.
Information Technology fields define academic
disciplines. Information Technology sectors link and interconnect the global
economy, industries, the stock market and the financial sector, to name a few.
Sectors provide the digital platform for graduates, professionals, the private
sector and other experts to contribute towards a rapidly expanding
knowledge-based society.
A key Information Technology sector is the
Software and Services sector. In the United States, there are more than 100,000
software and Information Technology Services companies of which the largest
percentage by far are small and medium sized companies (thus, less than 500
employees). This sector includes software design houses, software publishers
and facilities management companies.
Other competitive Information Technology
sectors are the Technology Hardware and Equipment sector, and the
Semiconductors and Semiconductor Equipment Industry sector. The Dow Jones lists
both these sector indices, and Bloomberg Business week regularly analyses the
indices.
Many, if not most, businesses today are using
Information Technology in some way or another. The value of Information
Technology lies in the elimination of manual processes and introduction of
automated business processes. The timely provision of information promotes and
improves decision-making processes and enables real-time communication with
customers.
Both information and technology evolve at an
ever-increasing pace – a daunting realization and clear evidence that the
digital revolution perpetually changed information management and applied
technology within a global economy.
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